Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Multi-level Tourism Spatial Structure and Its Coupling with Transportation Accessibility in Wuhan

Abstract

The hierarchical structure and functional types of urban tourist attractions are fundamental to shaping tourism spatial organization, while public transport accessibility determines service efficiency and spatial equity. This study investigates the coupling between tourism spatial patterns and public transport accessibility in Wuhan, China, focusing on Grade A and popular unrated attractions. Using a GIS-based framework integrating origin–destination (OD) cost matrix modeling and non-parametric statistical tests, we examine spatial distribution and accessibility differences from both rating and functional perspectives. Results show that: (1) Grade A attractions are largely located in suburban areas with low accessibility, whereas popular attractions cluster in central districts with superior transit, forming a “high-grade–low-accessibility, low-grade–high-accessibility” mismatch; (2) popular attractions leverage metro and bus networks to create multiple high-accessibility cores with concentrated and stable accessibility; (3) natural attractions exhibit the weakest accessibility due to dispersed locations and limited transport connectivity, in contrast to cultural and urban leisure attractions. These findings reveal a grade-oriented planning pattern that induces transport service imbalance. A transportation-adaptive strategy is recommended to enhance suburban high-grade accessibility and improve overall system performance. Policy implications include bridging suburban transit gaps, strengthening rail and transfer connectivity for central Grade A attractions, and developing function-specific transport strategies to promote coordinated evolution of urban tourism and transport systems.

Keywords

Spatial Structure, Public Transport Accessibility, Tourist Attractions, Multi-Tiered Tourism Structure, Comparative Analysis

PDF

References

  1. Zeng Xuan, Cui Haishan, & Liu Zhigen. (2019). Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of restaurants in Guangzhou. Economic Geography, 39(3), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2019.03.017
  2. Huang Zhenfang, Zhu Ye, Yuan Linwang, Hu Xiaohai, & Cao Fangdong. (2011). The connotation, classification, and evaluation of leisure tourism resources: A case study of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Geographical Research, 30(9), 1543–1553.
  3. Li Li, Hou Guolin, Xia Siyou, & Huang Zhenfang. (2020). Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Leisure Tourism Resources in Chengdu City. Journal of Natural Resources, 35(3), 683–697.
  4. Li Shengchao & Huang Hua. (2023). The Impact of Rail Transit on the Public Transportation Accessibility of Tourist Attractions: A Case Study of Xi'an City. Modern Urban Research, 4, 74–81.
  5. Li Weiwei, Cui Ting, Ma Xiaolong, & Zhang Xiyue. (2023). Spatial Pattern and Causes of Attractiveness of Tourist Attractions in Hangzhou City. Tourism Science, 37(2), 19–39. https://doi.org/10.16323/j.cnki.lykx.2023.02.005
  6. Liu Dajun, Hu Jing, & Chen Junzi. (2014). Spatial Structure and Differences of Leisure Tourism Destinations in Wuhan City. Economic Geography, 34(3), 176–181. https://doi.org/10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2014.03.028
  7. Liu Min & Hao Wei. (2020). A Study on the Spatial Distribution Factors of National A-Level Tourist Attractions in Shanxi Province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 75(4), 878–888.
  8. Pan Jinghu & Li Junfeng. (2014). Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Accessibility of A-Level Tourist Attractions in China. Journal of Natural Resources, 29(1), 55–66.
  9. Wang Hongqiao, Yuan Jiadong, & Meng Xiangjun. (2017). Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of A-Level Tourist Attractions in Northeast China. Geographical Science, 37(6), 895–903. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.06.011
  10. Wang Lianzhen, Du Yifei, Liu Kiyi, Zhou Ming, & Xue Shuqi. (2025). Optimisation of Bus-to-Subway Transfer Route Networks Considering Station Transfers. Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University, 49(4), 41–51.
  11. Wang, Y. J. (2022). Improving the coupling efficiency between transportation accessibility and tourism resource supply and demand: A case study of the Yangtze River Delta. Journal of Business Economics, 11, 155–158.
  12. Wang Yongming, Tian Jingxian, Jiang Lingling, Gong Chao, & Fan Min. (2025). The Multi-Layer Structure and Mechanism of the Tourism Scenic Area Network in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Acta Geographica Sinica, 80(4), 1103–1120.
  13. Xie Shuangyu, Zhang Qi, Gong Jian, Han Lei, & Wang Xiaofang. (2019). Construction and Application of a Comprehensive Evaluation Model for the Accessibility of Urban Tourist Attractions: A Case Study of the Central Urban Area of Wuhan. Economic Geography, 39(3), 232–239. https://doi.org/10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2019.03.028
  14. Xu Dongdong, Huang Zhenfang, Sun Huangping, Shi Xueying, Liu Huan, & Tan Linjiao. (2017). Spatial Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Leisure Tourism Resources in Nanjing City. Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 40(1), 127–133.
  15. Ye Tong. (2024). Evaluation of Public Transportation Accessibility in Commercial Centres of Nanjing City Based on Integrated Travel OD. 13, 514–526. https://doi.org/10.26914/c.cnkihy.2024.034874
  16. Zhang Qi, Xie Shuangyu, Wang Xiaofang, Jiang Lili, Gu Hengyu, & Liu Dajun. (2015). Evaluation of the accessibility of tourist attractions in Wuhan based on spatial syntax. Economic Geography, 35(8), 200–208. https://doi.org/10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2015.08.029
  17. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. (2017). GB/T 18972—2017 Classification, Survey, and Evaluation of Tourism Resources. Beijing: China Standards Press.
  18. Aranburu, I., Plaza, B., & Esteban, M. (2016). Sustainable Cultural Tourism in Urban Destinations: Does Space Matter? Sustainability, 8(8), 699. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080699
  19. Chen, S., Xi, J., Liu, M., & Li, T. (2020). Analysis of Complex Transportation Network and Its Tourism Utilization Potential: A Case Study of Guizhou Expressways. Complexity, 2020, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1042506
  20. Fan, Y., Zhao, M., Ma, L., & Zhao, L. (2016). Research on the accessibility of urban green space based on road network: A case study of the park green space in the city proper of Nanjing. Journal of Forest and Environmental Science, 32(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.7747/JFES.2016.32.1.1
  21. Li, J., Guo, X., Lu, R., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Analysing Urban Tourism Accessibility Using Real-Time Travel Data: A Case Study in Nanjing, China. Sustainability, 14(19), 12122. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912122
  22. Sun, F., Xu, M., Li, Z., Zhang, W., & Yang, Y. (2024). Spatial Distribution, Accessibility, and Influencing Factors of the Tourism and Leisure Industry in Qingdao, China. Sustainability, 16(16), 6961. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166961
  23. Zheng, Q., Kuang, Y., & Huang, N. (2016). Coordinated development between the urban tourism economy and transport in the Pearl River Delta, China. Sustainability, 8(12), 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121338

Similar Articles

11-17 of 17

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.