Effects of Perioperative Implanting Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumps on the Prognostic Indicators of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery Patients: a Retrospective Study

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) usage on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A total of 258 patients were divided into two groups based on peri-operative IABP implementation. The analysis included serum biomarkers, echocardiographic parameters, and hospitalization details before and within 72 hours post-surgery, using t-tests and χ2 tests as appropriate. The IABP group had higher rates of left main artery stenosis, greater use of bridging vessels, and higher preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) grades compared to the control group, while showing lower extracorporeal circulation usage (p < 0.05). Postoperatively, the IABP group demonstrated increased levels of myoglobin and pro-brain natriuretic peptide, longer venti-lator support duration, extended intensive care unit (ICU) stays, larger left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and higher hospital mortality and ICU readmission rates (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that while IABP may improve certain pre-operative parameters, its perioperative use is associated with significant changes in postoperative prognostic indicators.