Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) is a broad term encompassing pain and/or functional impairment of the masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular joint. Currently, the clinical treatment principles for TMDs mainly include etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment. In addition, the development of personalized diagnostic and treatment plans is crucial for the effective management of TMDs. This review systematically outlines the patient intake process for TMDs and discusses the importance and methods of developing personalized etiological and symptomatic treatment plans based on patient characteristics such as age and symptoms, aiming to provide clinical practitioners with guidance on patient management.