From Restriction to Rebalancing: The Evolution and Prospects of Trump 2.0 Immigration Policy

Abstract

The U.S. immigration policy during the Trump 2.0 era has intensified in terms of border security, management of illegal immigration, and restrictions on legal immigration, significantly impacting the economy, society, and international relations. The immigration policies during Trump's first term, which emphasized the "America First" agenda, included the construction of a border wall, travel bans, and the "zero tolerance" policy, all of which generated considerable controversy and legal challenges. Following adjustments made by the Biden administration, key policies such as the restoration of DACA, the revocation of the travel ban, and improvements in border management were implemented. However, the reintroduction of Trump 2.0 policies has reinforced border security and immigration restrictions, with proposals such as the abolition of birthright citizenship, the expansion of deportation efforts, and the tightening of legal immigration pathways. While these policies may reduce illegal immigration in the short term, they could have long-term adverse effects on the U.S. labor market, economic competitiveness, and social stability. Moreover, the Trump 2.0 policies may strain U.S.-Mexico relations, undermine U.S. leadership in global humanitarian issues, and reduce its attractiveness in the international talent competition. The success or failure of Trump 2.0 immigration policies will hinge on their ability to balance border security, economic development, and social stability.